SESSION 1:
KEY TO VOCABULARY EXERCISES FROM WEEK 29
VOCABULARY FROM UNIT 12
REVISION OF IMPERSONAL PASSIVES
Hey guys! I know impersonal passives are being tough to understand. In Spanish, we don't have any such thing, that's why. But we need to understand through tough thorough thought how it works. So, please this explanation thoroughly:
With opinion verbs such as allege, believe, consider, estimate, expect, know, report, say, think, understand, a passive construction is used when reporting people’s generalized opinions or widely recognized facts. This happens because the action referred to is more important than the subject who is doing the action, usually because it would be a weak subject (they, people).
You can build this kind of sentences following both these structures:
1. Rewrite these sentences using both constructions explained above. Read the example:
0. They know (that customs officials confiscated ten foreign passports last week)
subject verb direct object
a. It is known that customs officials confiscated ten foreign passports last week.
b. Ten foreign passports (Direct Object) are known to have been confiscated last week by customs officials.
People say that most small corner shops are losing business with the recession.
It is expected that tax increases will be announced in tomorrow’s budget.
People thought at first that the Crown Prince had been attacked.
We know that inner-city crime rates are increasing.
They say the star’s wife has had at least two face-lifts.
It is rumoured that the Princess is in hiding in Balmoral Castle in Scotland.
It is feared that nine crew members were lost overboard.
It was considered that his speech was one of the best.
We can’t deny that we made certain mistakes early on.
Police reported that a man had been helping them with their investigation.
The accused was alleged to have committed fraud.
2. READING (page 132) Audio 3.19 Read the text while listening to the audio and do exercises 1-4.
SESSION 2:
SPEAKING PERSUASIVELY
What is persuasion? Watch this video to learn more:
1. After watching the video, write a short definition of persuasion:
____________________________________________________________________
2. FUNCTIONS (page 135) Audio 3.21 Please, do exercises 1 & 2.
3. Read this persuasive speech by Nobel Prize Malala Yousafzai and find the following features a persuasive text often has. Write the part of the text that shows each feature:
1) It states the writer’s viewpoint in the opening sentence.
2) It puts forward arguments and evidence to support this viewpoint.
3) It sometimes (but certainly not always!) puts forward opposing arguments.
4) It uses the present tense.
5) It uses emotive language (e.g. despicable, cruel, heart-warming).
6) It uses connectives that emphasise (e.g. moreover), contrast (e.g. however) or show cause and effect (e.g. because of this).
7) It often repeats the main points of the text.
SESSION 3:
REVISION FOR EXAM
Rephrasing Passive Voice
1. A jeep picked up the soldiers from the base.
The soldiers…
2. We ought to invite Susan to the party.
Susan…
3. The police took the angry youth away.
The angry…
4. Food is being eaten right now in this class.
They…
5. People think pollution is not a minor problem. Pollution…
6. All the victims were being taken to hospital.
Ambulances…
7. The hairdresser was cutting Martha’s hair.
Martha…
8. Shoes have been made here for nearly 50 years.
They…
9. The teacher had completed our report cards.
We…
10. Mum didn’t cook dinner because she was very tired.
Dinner…
IMPERSONAL PASSIVE VOICE
1. People know that she is a good swimmer.
It ….
She …
2. They say that Francis is in hospital.
It ….
Francis …
3.They think that the children are in bed.
It …
The children ….
4. People believe that the robber has worked in the bank.
It …
The robber …
4.People believed that nuclear power stations were dangerous
It …
Nuclear power stations ...
5. His colleagues thought that he was on holiday.
It …
He …
6. People know that cars pollute the environment.
It ….
Cars ...
7. They suppose that the new product will come out soon.
It …
The new …
8. They found that the mission was impossible.
It ...
The mission ….
9. They believe that she will win a gold medal.
It …
She …
Reporting Verbs Exercise
1. “Don’t forget to buy milk!” said Antonio to Lucia. (remind, using infinitive) _____________________________________________________
2. “You shouldn’t go into the water” said the coast guard. (advise against) _____________________________________________________
3. “I’ll go to France on holiday” said John. (decide, using infinitive) _____________________________________________________
4. “I think you should go to the dentist” Julie said to Tom. (advise, using infinitive) _____________________________________________________
5. “Watch out for the weak bridge” he said. (warn, using ‘about’) _____________________________________________________
6. “You should apply for the job” said Jack to Stella. (encourage) _____________________________________________________
7. “Okay, Keiko can go to the party” said Keiko’s mum. (agree, using clause) _____________________________________________________
8. “The class will start later on Tuesdays” said the teacher to us. (explain + clause) _____________________________________________________
9. “It’s a great idea to go to the beach” said Maria. (recommend + verb-ing) _____________________________________________________
10. “Don’t cross the road there” she said to the children. (warn, using infinitive) _____________________________________________________
11. “I’ll make the coffee!” said David. (insist + on) _____________________________________________________
12. “I’ll study really hard for the exam” said Luke. (promise + to + infinitive) _____________________________________________________
13. “This is where the station is” said Klara. (explain, using question word + clause) _____________________________________________________
14. “Right, let’s buy the car in the morning!” we said. (agree + infinitive) _____________________________________________________
15. “Don’t forget that Lucy needs to go to the dentist” she said to me. (remind, using clause) _____________________________________________________
16. “How about having Indian food?” I said. (suggest, using verb-ing) _____________________________________________________
17. “I’ll be early” I said to my mother. (promise + clause) _____________________________________________________
18. “I’m sorry I forgot your birthday” said Amanda to me. (apologise) _____________________________________________________
19. “I’ll leave at six pm!” John said. (decide + clause) _____________________________________________________
20. “This is how we use the present perfect” said Amy. (explain + question word + infinitive) __________
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