SESSION 1
THE FUTURE OF SPACEFLIGHT
Today, we will start Unit 11 SPACE & BEYOND (p.121)
NASA aims to travel to the moon again—and beyond. At the same time, private companies are competing to make space travel easier and more affordable. NASA is relying on SpaceX and Boeing to build spacecraft capable of carrying humans into orbit.
But private spaceflight is not a new concept. People have dreamt about going into space since they were concious of the existence of other planets.
1. Watch this extract from Georges Méliès' Trip to the Moon (1902):
Georges Méliès was not just a pioneer of early cinema, he was central to what we know as film today. He based this film on the writings of Jules Verne. A Trip to the Moon follows a group of travellers who jet off to the moon from earth on an exploration mission only to end up in peril and captured by the Selenites. This is particular one of the most iconic images of cinema – the man in the moon with a rocket in his eye.
2. Now watch this:
SpaceX Starship system is a proposed fully reusable, two‑stage‑to‑orbit super heavy‑lift rocket under development by SpaceX. The system is composed of a booster stage, named Super Heavy, and a second stage, also referred to as "Starship".The second stage is being designed as a long‑duration cargo and passenger‑carrying spacecraft.
3. Compare Méliès' and SpaceX ' views of space travel. List two similarities and two differences.
Similarities:
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Differences:
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4. Look at the picture below. Then go to page 121 and answer the questions in your notebook.
SESSION 2
SPECULATING
There are many ways of saying that something will probably or possibly happen in English.
But, first we will talk about the difference between possible and probable. People often use possible when they should be using probable, and vice versa. While similar, possible and probable have very different meanings. Example:
If you don’t buy a lottery ticket, it’s not possible to win.
Once you buy a lottery ticket, it’s possible that you will win, but not probable.
If you bought 90% of the number combinations (who would do that?), then there would be a high probability that you would win the lottery.
Like the example of buying a single lottery ticket, many things in life become possible with very little effort. However, it often takes much more effort to change possible into probable.
If something is possible, it could happen. Possibility means that there is hope. This is where most things begin. You are studying 4ºESO, true, it is possible that you pass the course. BUT if you do not work hard it is not probable that you do. If something is probable, it is likely to happen. However, things that are probable are often a direct result of hard work.
Expressions for probability:
bound to = certain: “They are bound to succeed!” sure to = certain: “He is sure to win the championship.” likely to = probable: “We are likely to win the contract.” definite = sure: “He’s a definite frontrunner for the job!” probable: “It’s probable that we will be on holiday around then.” likely: “An election is likely next year.” will definitely happen: “There will definitely be a storm later.” will probably happen: “They will probably take on more staff.”
Expressions for possibility:
may: “We may be able to help you.”
might: “There might be a holiday next month – I’m not sure.”
could: “There could be a bug in the system.”
… is possible: “Do you think he will resign?” “Yes, that’s possible.”
will possibly: “She’ll possibly tell us tomorrow.”
probably won’t: “They probably won’t hear until next week.”
definitely won’t: “I definitely won’t go to the party.”
Note: Be careful of the word order.
“Definitely” and “probably” come after “will” (in positive sentences) and before “won’t” in negative sentences.
For emphasis:
You can add words to alter the strength of probability:
highly likely / unlikely (= very likely / unlikely) quite likely / probable / possible (= more likely, probable or possible)
could possibly / probably
most definitely won’t (= even more unlikely)
Remember what you've learnt about predictions...
...based on what you know/think:
When we want to say what we think will happen in the future, we can either use will followed by the verb without to, or going to followed by the verb.
“What do you think will happen next year?”
but...
“Next week is going to be very busy, I think.”
“He isn’t going to win the election.”
Speaking tip: Because we also use will to talk about intentions and strong decisions, we often use going to to sound more objective.
“He won’t help us” can mean that he has decided not to help us.
But “He isn’t going to help us” doesn’t have this negative implication. It sounds more like a prediction and a simple, objective fact- perhaps he isn’t able to help us.
Predictions based on what you see now...-
“Watch out! You’re going to hit that car in front.”
“It’s going to be a lovely day today – not a cloud in the sky.”
Activities!
Please, go to page 124 and do exercises 1-3
SESSION 3
BIZARRE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
To this day there is no evidence of life on Mars, but the search hasn't stopped. Just as life itself evolves, so too have the ways we look for it. But imagine for a while that you had contacted with martians and they were going to pay you a visit.
1. What in your opinion would attract the martians' attention? Please watch this video and explain at least two objects that appear in it. What do we use them for? How do they work?
2. Can you imagine how weird we would appear to Martians?? Look at the pictures and do as if you were explaining to martians how human beings express themselves in each picture. Read the example below:
Example:
a. Human beings cry or shed tears through their eyes when they feel distress, pain, or sorrow. Tears show that we’re vulnerable, and it can set off empathy and compassion in others.
2. You are part of a Space Committee and have to decide what you would put in a new disc that will be sent up to space with what defines you as a person:
3 pieces of music
3 sound clips
3 books
1 favourite colour
1 favourite smell
1 favourite flavour
5 images
1 special object
Then, compare your list with your partners.
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